These are DEM-derived lines, not surveyed channels.
Canals are crowd-mapped and coverage is uneven.
Sources & limits
North India hydrology — rivers, tributaries, canals, basins: 5,418 of 40,106 river reaches drawn (Strahler order ≥4), 4,185 canals.
order 4order 5order 6order 7 canal
- No licence is claimed for HydroRIVERS v10 or HydroBASINS v1c lev-12: docs/LICENSING.md (OPS-10, checked 2026-08-25) records commercial_ok=unresolved for both — the HydroSHEDS site Terms of Use ("personal, non-commercial use only") and the product pages' CC-BY copy disagree, and the operative License Agreement (Appendix A of each product's technical documentation) has not been read. The layer is still served with this caveat; it is not cleared for sale.
- Removing a licence claim from a served payload is not the same as fixing the licence. If HydroSHEDS resolves to noncommercial, the hydro layer itself must be re-sourced, which is MOAT-03's blocking condition.
- Showing Strahler order >=4 reaches only (5418 of 40106 total) — the smallest headwater streams are real, in the committed data, and traceable via the downstream index, just not drawn as their own line here (they're not individually visible at a country/regional zoom, and drawing all 40k+ would make the page heavy for no visual gain).
- River/basin lines are DEM-derived (HydroSHEDS, ~500m), not surveyed centrelines — topology (which reach flows into which) and mean discharge are the reliable parts; exact channel position is approximate, especially in braided/plains reaches.
- Mean discharge (DIS_AV_CMS) is a modelled long-term average, not a live gauge reading.
- Canals are crowd-mapped on OpenStreetMap: trunk canals are well-covered, minor distributaries vary by how thoroughly each area has been surveyed.
- No gauged discharge or official flood stage — India-WRIS/CWC (the authoritative Indian gauge network) geo-block foreign IPs, so they are not used as a source.
- DEM-derived geometry, not a surveyed centreline.
- No gauged discharge — DIS_AV_CMS is a modelled long-term average, not a live reading.
- India-WRIS/CWC (the authoritative Indian gauge network) geo-block foreign IPs; not used.
- Licence status is UNCERTAIN, not CC-BY — see docs/research/hydro_licence_position.md (HYD-02): the site Terms of Use say "personal, non-commercial use only" while the product page/marketing copy says CC-BY 4.0 / free for commercial use, and the specific License Agreement (Appendix A of the technical documentation) that the FAQ says actually governs has not been read.
Sources: HydroRIVERS v10 (HydroSHEDS/WWF) — attribution only; licence unresolved, see docs/LICENSING.md row 22 · HydroBASINS v1c lev-12 (HydroSHEDS/WWF) — attribution only; licence unresolved, see docs/LICENSING.md row 23 · OpenStreetMap contributors, waterway=canal (ODbL)
From site/public/data/hydro/meta.json, written by hazards/hydro/site_export.py.